The painting The Education of the Virgin. dated to around 1617-1618, is a work that has been the subject of significant debate and research regarding its attribution to Diego Velázquez.

Attribution and Debate

The painting was rediscovered in the basement of the Yale University Art Gallery in 2004 by John Marciari, then a curator at the gallery. Despite its damaged condition, the painting was attributed to Velázquez, sparking both interest and controversy. This attribution is not universally accepted, with notable art historians like Jonathan Brown questioning whether it is indeed a work by Velázquez.

Condition and Restoration

The painting had been in poor condition, with many tears and abrasions, which complicated the attribution process. It underwent a ten-year conservation and research campaign, which included restoring the canvas and studying its materials. The pigments and canvas were found to be consistent with those used by Velázquez, although this does not provide definitive proof of authorship.

Artistic Style and Composition

The painting depicts the scene of Saint Anne teaching the young Virgin Mary to read in a darkened interior. It is characterized by a powerful naturalism, a hallmark of Velázquez's style. However, some passages, such as the head of the young Virgin and the drapery of Saint Anne, show inconsistencies that could suggest either the artist's youth or later overpainting by another hand.

Exhibition and Significance

The painting was exhibited in Seville, Spain, as part of an exhibition co-organized by the Institute of Culture and Arts of Seville and the Yale University Art Gallery. This exhibition provided an opportunity to study the history, technique, and iconography of the work, alongside other related paintings by Juan de Roelas and Luis Tristán.

Iconography and Symbolism

The painting features Joaquim, Anna, Mary, and a divine messenger. The scene emphasizes the transmission of faith and spiritual nourishment from the parents to Mary. The colors and symbols in the painting, such as the green robe of Joaquim, the rose tunic of Mary, and the celestial colors of Saint Anne's clothing, enhance the liturgical beauty and convey themes of love, charity, and faith.

In summary, while The Education of the Virgin is a significant and intriguing work, its attribution to Diego Velázquez remains a topic of ongoing debate among art historians and scholars.