Artist and Medium

The painting is an oil on canvas work by Diego Velázquez, executed during his early career.

Subject

The subject of the portrait is Luis de Góngora y Argote, a prominent Spanish poet. Góngora is depicted with a solemn and introspective gaze, wearing dark, somber attire with a distinctive clerical collar, indicating his ecclesiastical or social status.

Style and Influence

The painting is characteristic of the Baroque style and shows the influence of Caravaggio, particularly in its use of chiaroscuro. Velázquez also applied lessons he learned during his time in Italy, such as the rich palette reminiscent of Titian.

Dimensions and Location

The painting measures 50.3 by 40.5 centimeters (or 19 3/4 by 16 inches) and is currently housed at the Museum of Fine Arts in Boston, although there are mentions of other versions or copies in different locations, such as the Museo Lázaro Galdiano in Madrid and the Prado.

Provenance

The portrait was likely commissioned with the assistance of Velázquez's teacher, Francisco Pacheco. It has had a complex provenance, passing through several collections, including those of Gaspar de Haro y Guzmán, Marquis del Carpio, and Nicolás Nepata, before being acquired by the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston in 1932.

Artistic Significance

The painting is notable for its masterful use of light and shadow, which creates a strong sense of three-dimensionality and psychological depth. Velázquez's skillful brushwork and attention to detail in the textures of the skin and fabrics contribute to the lifelike quality of the portrait. This work may have contributed to Velázquez's first royal commission and his appointment as a court painter.