Madame Joseph-Michel Ginoux (1888–1890)
This series of portraits, painted by Vincent van Gogh, showcases Madame Joseph-Michel Ginoux, a key figure in his life as she owned Café de la Gare in Arles. The initial portrait was created in November 1888 during a session with Paul Gauguin, who drew her simultaneously. Van Gogh's works are celebrated for their bold colors and emotive content, capturing Madame Ginoux's essence in various iterations, each depicting her in traditional Arlesian attire alongside personal items like books and a parasol.
1888 - 1890
About the Artwork
The series captures not just the likeness of Madame Ginoux but embodies the rich partnership between artists living in Arles. Van Gogh’s lightning-fast approach in creating these portraits was in contrast to Gauguin’s methodical style. Madame Ginoux, born in 1848, became a pivotal muse for Van Gogh, offering him both inspiration and companionship during his tumultuous times. Her café was a hub for creativity where Van Gogh found solace and fascination, which is vividly reflected in the vibrancy and immediacy of the painted portraits. Over time, these works have become significant not only as masterpieces of Van Gogh's oeuvre but also as cultural artifacts representing the life and spirit of Arles in the late 19th century.
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Subject
The subject of the paintings is Marie Julien, known as Madame Joseph-Michel Ginoux, who was the proprietress of the Café de la Gare in Arles. She was born in 1848 and died in 1911.
Creation
The first version of the portrait was created in November 1888, during Paul Gauguin's stay in Arles. Gauguin produced a charcoal drawing of Madame Ginoux during the same sitting, while Van Gogh painted a full-scale portrait in just one hour.
Versions
Van Gogh painted multiple versions of this portrait: The initial version, now in the Musée d'Orsay, Paris, features Madame Ginoux with a parasol and gloves on the table. Another version, at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York, shows her with books. Additional versions were painted while Van Gogh was at the asylum in Saint-Rémy, including one intended for Gauguin, one for his brother Theo, one for himself, and one for Madame Ginoux (which was lost).
Style and Medium
The paintings are oil on canvas, with one of the early versions painted on burlap. The portraits depict Madame Ginoux wearing the traditional regional costume of Arles.
Significance
These portraits reflect the close relationship between Van Gogh and the Ginoux family, who ran the café where Van Gogh lodged. The paintings also highlight the different working methods of Van Gogh and Gauguin, with Van Gogh working quickly and directly, while Gauguin often used his drawings as studies for future works.
Provenance
Some of the versions have notable provenances; for example, the version with a floral background was sold at auction at Christie's in 2006 for over $40 million.