Location and Context

The fresco of Isaiah is situated in the Sistine Chapel, within the Vatican Palace. It is one of seven Old Testament prophets depicted on the ceiling, alternating with five ancient Sybils. These figures were chosen because they were believed to foretell the coming of Jesus.

Artistic Details

• The fresco measures over 12 feet tall and 12 feet wide, and it is painted inside a spandrel, a curved surface formed by the intersection of the arched window and the vaulted ceiling. This presented Michelangelo with the challenge of foreshortening the figure to maintain proper perspective when viewed from the ground, approximately 65 feet away.
• Isaiah's face is depicted with a tanned, troubled expression, featuring a furrowed brow, downcast eyes, and a serious mouth. Michelangelo used the technique of chiaroscuro to give the face a three-dimensional appearance, utilizing shades of light and dark to create depth.

Stylistic Elements

• The painting reflects Michelangelo's background as a sculptor, evident in the folds of Isaiah's robe and the depiction of the body beneath. The details, such as the feet and the way the robe is caught between his calves, demonstrate Michelangelo's deep understanding of human anatomy.
• The prophet's hair is painted in bold, black curving lines, contrasting with the more subtle shading used on his face.

Historical Significance

Michelangelo's work on the Sistine Chapel ceiling was a complex and contentious project. Initially, Pope Julius II had proposed a simpler scheme featuring the twelve Apostles, but Michelangelo negotiated for a more grand and complex design. Despite his reluctance and preference for sculpture, Michelangelo was persuaded to take on the project.

Viewing and Impact

The frescoes were painted in phases, with the scaffolding being dismantled and moved to different parts of the room. The work was finally unveiled on October 31, 1512. Given the great distance from which the paintings were viewed, Michelangelo's mastery of foreshortening and composition was crucial to the overall impact of the work.